1. Measurement and Problem Solving
2. Kinematics
3.
Two-Dimensional Motion
4. Force and
Motion
4a. Equilibrium
5. Work and Energy
6. Lineal Momentum and Collisions
7. Circular Motion and Gravitation
8. Rotational Motion
9.
Solids and Liquids
9a. Fluid Dynamics
10. Temperature and Kinetic Theory
11. Heat
12
14. Sound
1.
Measurement and Problem Solving
1.1 Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental physical quantities in the SI system?
A) mass
B) length
C) force
D) time
E) All of these are fundamental physical quantities in the SI system.
1.2 The prefix "mega" means
A) 10E2
B) 10E9
C) 10E-3
D) 10E6
E) 10E-6
1.3 The prefix "micro" means
A) 10E-12
B) 10E-6
C) 10E-3
D) 10E-2
E) 10E-1
1.4 In doing a calculation, you arrive at an expression in which the numerator is in kilometers and the denominator is in meters per second. When the calculation is completed, the result will be in units of
A) meters, if you divide by 1000.
B) meters, if you multiply by 1000.
C) seconds, if you divide by 1000.
D) seconds, if you multiply by 1000.
E) meters squared per second, if you multiply by 1000.
1.5 Evaluate:
(4.0 x 10E–6)(3.0 x 10E4)
A) 12 x 10E10
B) 1.2 x 10E-10
C) 12 x 10E-5
D) 1.2 x 10E-1
E) 12 x 10E-10
1.6 The measurement 23.0040 has _____ significant figures.
A) six
B) three
C) five
D) four
E) two
2.1 On a graph that shows position on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis, a straight line with a positive slope represents
A) a constant positive acceleration.
B) a constant negative acceleration.
C) zero velocity.
D) a constant positive velocity.
E) a constant negative velocity.
2.2 On a graph that shows position on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis, a straight line with a negative slope represents
A) a constant positive acceleration.
B) a constant negative acceleration.
C) zero velocity.
D) a constant positive velocity.
E) a constant negative velocity.
2.3 For uniformly accelerated motion, which of the following quantities must be zero?
A) the initial velocity
B) the initial displacement
C) the rate of change of the acceleration
D) the rate of change of the velocity
E) the rate of change of the displacement
2.4 A particle moves from x1 = 30 cm to x2 = -40 cm. The displacement of this particle is
A) 30 cm
B) 40 cm
C) 70 cm
D) -70 cm
E) -–40 cm
2.5 A particle moves from x1 = –50 cm to x2 = 30 cm. The displacement of this particle is
A) -50 cm
B) 30 cm
C) 80 cm
D) -30 cm
E) -80 cm
3.1 The displacement of a particle is _______ the distance the object has traveled.
A) larger than
B) smaller than
C) either larger or smaller than
D) the same as
E) smaller than or equal to
3.2 What is the least number of non-zero vectors that can be added to give a resultant equal to zero?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) It cannot be done.
3.3 Given vector A, the vector 3A
A) has a magnitude 3 times that of A.
B) points in the same direction as A.
C) has components each of which is 3 times those of A.
D) makes the same angle with a given axis as does A.
E) is described by all of these.
3.4 Which of the following statements is not true of a projectile moving near the surface of the earth against negligible air resistance?
A) The horizontal velocity is constant.
B) The vertical acceleration is constant.
C) The horizontal displacement is directly proportional to the time of flight.
D) The vertical velocity at any given time is independent of the angle of projection.
E) The horizontal acceleration is constant.
3.5 A golfer drives her ball from the tee down the fairway in a high arcing shot. When the ball is at the highest point of its flight,
A) its velocity and acceleration are both zero.
B) its velocity is zero but its acceleration is nonzero.
C) its velocity is nonzero but its acceleration is zero.
D) its velocity and acceleration are both nonzero.
E) Insufficient information is given to answer correctly.
4.1 When Newton's first law of motion is mentioned, you should immediately think of
A) Fnet = ma
B) action-and-reaction forces.
C) inertia.
D) gravitational forces.
E) centripetal acceleration.
4.2 A physical quantity that is sometimes described as the measure of the resistance of a body to a change in motion is
A) force
B) mass
C) acceleration
D) weight
E) friction
4.3 A body moves with constant speed in a straight line. Which of the following statements must be true?
A) No force acts on the body.
B) A single constant force acts on the body in the direction of motion.
C) A single constant force acts on the body in the direction opposite to the motion.
D) A net force of zero acts on the body.
E) A constant net force acts on the body in the direction of motion.
4.4 A force accelerates a body of mass M. The same force applied to a second body produces three times the acceleration. What is the mass of the second body?
A) M
B) 3M
C) M/3
D) 9M
E) M/9
4.5 If you apply the same force to objects with masses M and 4M, the acceleration of the mass M is
A) the same as for the mass 4M.
B) four times the acceleration of the mass 4M.
C) one-fourth the acceleration of the mass 4M.
D) twice the acceleration of the mass 4M.
E) one-half the acceleration of the mass 4M.
4.6 A fat cat, ever conscious of its weight, walks into an elevator and steps on a scale. The elevator begins to accelerate downward. While the elevator is accelerating, the scale reads
A) more than when the elevator is stationary.
B) more than if the elevator were accelerating upward.
C) less than when the elevator is stationary.
D) a negative value.
E) Insufficient information is given to answer correctly.
4.7 Which of the following is a unit of force?
A) m2/s2
B) kg . s2/m
C) kg . m/s2
D) N . s
E) N/kg
4.8 A net force is exerted on an object toward the north. The object
A) is moving toward the north.
B) is moving toward the east.
C) is moving toward the west.
D) is moving toward the south.
E) may be moving in any direction.
5.1 A body is in dynamic (mechanical) equilibrium when
A) it is moving with constant acceleration.
B) it is being moved by a constant force.
C) the sum of the external forces acting on it is zero.
D) the sum of the external torques acting on it is zero.
E) it is moving with constant velocity.
5.2 After a shell explodes at the top of its trajectory, the center of gravity of the fragments has an acceleration, in the absence of air resistance,
A) of less than g downward.
B) equal to g and downward.
C) greater than g and downward.
D) of g downward plus a forward component.
E) of g downward plus a backward component.
5.3 An upright refrigerator tips over if its
A) height is greater than its width.
B) center of mass is below its middle.
C) center of mass is above its middle.
D) center of mass is at its middle.
E) center of mass projects onto the floor at a point outside the outline of its base.
5.4 Equilibrium is a motion
A) without linear acceleration only
B) without angular acceleration only
C) without both linear and angular acceleration
D) with both linear and angular acceleration
E) none of these is correct
6.1 A body of mass m slides a distance d along a horizontal surface. How much work is done by gravity?
A) mgd
B) zero
C) -mgd
D) One cannot tell from the given information.
F) None of these is correct.
6.2 A body moves with decreasing speed. Which of the following statements is true?
A) The net work done on the body is positive, and the kinetic energy is increasing.
B) The net work done on the body is positive, and the kinetic energy is decreasing.
C) The net work done on the body is zero, and the kinetic energy is decreasing.
D) The net work done on the body is negative, and the kinetic energy is increasing.
E) The net work done on the body is negative, and the kinetic energy is decreasing.
6.3 A block slides a certain distance down an incline. The work done by gravity is W. What is the work done by gravity if this block slides the same distance up the incline?
A) W
B) zero
C) -W
D) Gravity cannot do work; some other force does the work.
E) The work cannot be determined unless the distance traveled is given.
6.4 Initially a body moves in one direction and has kinetic energy K. Then it moves in the opposite direction with three times its initial speed. What is the kinetic energy now?
A) K
B) 3K
C) -3K
D) 9K
E) -9K
6.5 If you double the speed of an object, its kinetic energy is
A) the same.
B) doubled.
C) tripled.
D) quadrupled.
E) halved.
6.6 Negative work means
A) the kinetic energy of the object increases.
B) the applied force is variable.
C) the applied force is perpendicular to the displacement.
D) the applied force is opposite to the displacement.
E) nothing; there is no such thing as negative work.
6.7 A particle moves halfway around a circle of radius R. It is acted on by a radial force of magnitude F. The work done by the radial force is
A) zero
B) FR
C) FpR
D) 2FR
E) 2Pr
6.8 A variable force is represented on an F-versus-x graph. Which of the following is the work done by this force?
A) the slope of the curve
B) the area bounded by the curve and the x axis
C) the area bounded by the curve and the F axis
D) the F value multiplied by the x value
E) vthe F value divided by the x value
6.9 Power P is required to do work W in time interval t. What power is required to do work 3W in time interval 5t?
A) P
B) 3P
C) 5P
D) 5P/3
E) 3P/5
6.10 A woman runs up a flight of stairs. The gain in her gravitational potential energy is U. If she runs up the same stairs with twice the speed, what is her gain in potential energy?
A) U
B) 2U
C) 1/2U
D) 4U
E) 1/4U
6.11 The total mechanical energy of any system is
A) always the work done by gravity.
B) the difference between the kinetic and potential energy at any point.
C) the sum of the kinetic and potential energy at any point.
D) the sum of the translational and rotational kinetic energies at any point.
E) the potential energy of a spring at any displacement.
6.12 The work done by a conservative force between two points is
A) always positive.
B) always dependent upon the time.
C) always independent of the path.
D) zero.
E) never completely recoverable.
7.1 The SI units of momentum are
A) kg . m . s
B) m2/s
C) kg . s/m
D) kg/J
E) kg . m/s
7.2 The condition necessary for the conservation of momentum in a given system is that
A) energy is conserved.
B) one body is at rest.
C) the net external force is zero.
D) internal forces equal external forces.
E) None of these is correct.
7.3 Momentum is conserved in which of the following?
A) elastic collisions
B) inelastic collisions
C) explosions
D) collisions between automobiles
E) All of these are correct.
7.4 A golf ball and a Ping-Pong ball are dropped in a vacuum chamber. When they have fallen halfway to the floor, they have the same
A) speed.
B) potential energy.
C) kinetic energy.
D) momentum.
E) speed, potential energy, kinetic energy, and momentum.
7.5 For a system consisting of two particles that undergo an elastic collision,
A) momentum is conserved but the total energy is not conserved.
B) neither the kinetic energy nor the momentum is conserved.
C) neither the total energy nor the momentum is necessarily conserved.
D) the mechanical energy is conserved but momentum is not conserved.
E) both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.
7.6 If a body moves in such a way that its linear momentum is constant, then
A) its kinetic energy is zero.
B) the sum of all the forces acting on it must be zero.
C) its acceleration is greater than zero and is constant.
D) its center of mass remains at rest.
E) t he sum of all the forces acting on the body is constant and nonzero.
7.7 If you take the derivative of the kinetic energy of a particle with respect to its velocity, you get
A) force.
B) momentum.
C) acceleration.
D) mass.
E) potential energy.
7.8 Two cars of equal mass travel in opposite directions at equal speeds. They collide in a perfectly inelastic collision. Just after the collision, their velocities are
A) zero.
B) equal to their original velocities.
C) equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to their original velocities.
D) less in magnitude and in the same direction as their original velocities.
E) less in magnitude and opposite in direction to their original velocities.
7.9 Two equal masses travel in opposite directions with equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly elastic collision, then, just after the collision, their velocities will be
A) zero.
B) equal to their original velocities.
C) equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to their original velocities.
D) less in magnitude and in the same direction as their original velocities.
E) less in magnitude and opposite in direction to their original velocities.
7.10 In a real collision,
A) kinetic energy is conserved.
B) linear momentum is conserved in the absence of external forces.
C) both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
D) neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved.
E) the extent to which momentum and kinetic energy are conserved depends on the
coefficient of restitution.
8.1 Two points, A and B, are on a disk that rotates about an axis. Point A is three times as far from the axis as point B. If the speed of point B is v, then what is the speed of point A?
A) v
B) 3v
C) v/3
D) 9v
E) v/9
8.2 You have a friend who lives in the southern part of the United States, and you live in the northern part. As the earth rotates, your linear velocity is ___________ hers, and your angular velocity is ____________ hers.
A) greater than; equal to
B) equal to; greater than
C) greater than; less than
D) less than; greater than
E) less than; equal to
8.3 A woman whose weight on earth is 500 N is lifted to a height of two earth radii above the surface of the earth. Her weight
A) decreases to one-half of the original amount.
B) decreases to one-quarter of the original amount.
C) decreases to one-fifth of the original amount.
D) decreases to one-third of the original amount.
E) decreases to one-ninth of the original amount.
8.4 Suppose a planet exists that has half the mass of earth and half its radius. On the surface of that planet, the acceleration due to gravity is
A) twice that on earth.
B) the same as that on earth.
C) half that on earth.
D) one-fourth that on earth.
E) none of these.
8.5 According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, if the distance between two bodies is tripled, the gravitational force between them is
A) unchanged.
B) halved.
C) doubled.
D) reduced to 1/3 its previous value.
E) None of these is correct.
9.1 A body that moves with a constant speed in a circle
A) experiences no acceleration.
B) undergoes no change in velocity.
C) has no resultant force acting on it.
D) has no work done on it.
E) is described by all of these.
9.2 When an object is moving in a circle at constant speed, its acceleration is
A) constantly increasing.
B) constant in direction.
C) zero.
D) constant in magnitude.
E) constant in both magnitude and direction.
9.3 A wheel rotates with a constant nonzero angular acceleration. Which of the following quantities remains constant in magnitude?
A) v, tangential velocity
B) ar, radial (normal, centripetal) acceleration
C) at, tangential acceleration
D) w, angular velocity
E) All of these are correct.
9.4 Which of the following statements about the motion of the second hand of a clock is true?
A) The tangential velocity of the tip is constant.
B) The angular velocity is zero.
C) The angular acceleration is zero.
D) The radial acceleration is zero.
E) The tangential acceleration is nonzero.
9.5 A disk is free to rotate about an axis. A force applied at a distance d from the axis causes an angular acceleration a. What angular acceleration alpha is produced if the same force is applied a distance 2d from the axis?
A) alpha
B) 2 alpha
C) alpha /2
D) 4 alpha
E) alpha /4
9.6 Torque is defined as
A) a force tending to cause rotation.
B) the cross (vector) product of force and displacement.
C) the product of the force and the angular displacement.
D) the product of the force and the angular velocity.
E) the rotational work done.
9.7 To increase the moment of inertia of a body about an axis, you must
A) increase the angular acceleration.
B) increase the angular velocity.
C) decrease the angular velocity.
D) make the body occupy less space.
E) place part of the body farther from the axis.
9.8 The moment of inertia of an object about an axis depends on the
A) angular velocity about the axis.
B) angular acceleration about the axis.
C) mass distribution about the axis.
D) torque about the axis.
E) linear acceleration about the axis.
9.9 A wheel of radius R is rolling without slipping. The velocity of the point on the rim that is in contact with the surface, relative to the surface, is
A) equal to Rw in the direction of motion of the center of mass.
B) equal to Rw opposite the direction of motion of the center of mass.
C) zero.
D) equal to the velocity of the center of mass and in the same direction.
E) equal to the velocity of the center of mass but in the opposite direction.
9.10 A solid cylinder, a hollow cylinder, and a square block of equal masses are released at the top of an inclined plane. The cylinders roll down and the block slides down, all with negligible frictional losses. In what order will they arrive at the bottom?
A) solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, block
B) hollow cylinder, solid cylinder, block
C) block, hollow cylinder, solid cylinder
D) block, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder
E) all at the same instant
9.11 A disk rotates clockwise in the plane of the page. What is the direction of the angular momentum vector?
A) clockwise
B) counterclockwise
C) into the page
D) out of the page
E) Angular momentum has no direction.
9.12 If the angular momentum of a system is constant, which of the following statements must be true?
A) No torque acts on any part of the system.
B) A constant torque acts on each part of the system.
C) Zero net torque acts on each part of the system.
D) A constant external torque acts on the system.
E) Zero net torque acts on the system.
9.13 If the sum of the external torques acting on an isolated system of particles is zero, it must be true that
A) the system can have no kinetic energy.
B) the angular momentum of the system does not change.
C) the system can have no angular velocity.
D) the system can have no linear velocity.
E) the angular momentum of the system must be continually decreasing.
9.14 f the sum of the external torques on a system is zero, there is
A) a change in the system's moment of inertia.
B) no change in the system's moment of inertia.
C) a change in the system's angular momentum.
D) no change in the system's angular momentum.
E) a precessional angular velocity.
10.1 Which of the following is the mass density of a material?
A) the material's weight per unit volume
B) the material's mass per unit volume
C) the material's specific gravity
D) the material's volume per unit weight
E) the material's volume per unit mass
10.2 A block of material has a density r. A second block of equal volume has three times the mass of the first. What is the density of the second block?
A) r
B) 3r
C) r/3
D) 9r
E) r/9
10.3 A glass is filled with water. The gauge pressure at the top of the glass is zero and the gauge pressure at the bottom is P. A second glass with three times the height and twice the diameter is also filled with water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the second glass?
A) P
B) 2P
C) 3P
D) 3P/2
E) 3P/4
10.4 According to Pascal's principle, the pressure at every point in an enclosed liquid
A) depends only on the density of the liquid.
B) is equal to the weight of the liquid.
C) is the same.
D) is changed the same amount by an externally applied pressure.
E) is equal to the externally applied pressure.
10.5 A rock of mass M with a density twice that of water is sitting on the bottom of an aquarium tank filled with water. The normal force exerted on the rock by the bottom of the tank is
A) 2Mg
B) Mg
C) Mg/2
D) zero
E) impossible to determine from the information given.
10.6 A rock is thrown into a swimming pool that is filled with water at a uniform temperature. Which of the following statements is true?
A) The buoyant force on the rock is zero as it sinks.
B) The buoyant force on the rock increases as it sinks.
C) The buoyant force on the rock decreases as it sinks.
D) The buoyant force on the rock is constant as it sinks.
E) The buoyant force on the rock as it sinks is nonzero at first but becomes zero once the
terminal velocity is reached.
10.7 A rock of mass M, that has a density twice that of water, is suspended in water by a thin, massless cord. The tension in the cord is
A) 2Mg
B) Mg
C) Mg/2
D) zero
E) impossible to determine from the information given.
11.1 Water from a tap is flowing at a uniform rate of 24 cm3/s into a cylindrical container. An exit tube is mounted on the side of the container at height h/2 from the base. The height h of the water remains constant. The volume flow at which the water leaves the container is
A) 12 cm3/s
B) 24 cm3/s
C) 36 cm3/s
D) 48 cm3/s
E) 72 cm3/s
11.2 A horizontal pipe narrows from a diameter of 10 to 5 cm. For a nonviscous fluid flowing from the larger diameter to the smaller,
A) the velocity and pressure both increase.
B) the velocity increases and the pressure decreases.
C) the velocity decreases and the pressure increases.
D) the velocity and pressure both decrease.
E) either the velocity or the pressure changes but not both.
12.1 If it is known that two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, one can conclude that
A) they must be in thermal equilibrium with a third body.
B) there must be a net heat flow between them.
C) the bodies must be at different temperatures.
D) some shared physical property must be changing.
E) they must be at the same temperature.
12.2 If the pressure and volume of an ideal gas are both reduced to half their original value, the absolute temperature of the gas is
A) unchanged.
B) doubled.
C) halved.
D) increased by a factor of 4.
E) decreased by a factor of 4.
12.3 The oxygen (molar mass = 32 g/mol) and nitrogen (molar mass = 28 g/mol) molecules in this room have equal average
A) kinetic energies, but the oxygen molecules are faster.
B) kinetic energies, but the oxygen molecules are slower.
C) kinetic energies and speeds.
D) speeds, but the oxygen molecules have a higher average kinetic energy.
E) speeds, but the oxygen molecules have a lower average kinetic energy.
12.4 At room temperature, which of the following diatomic molecules has the greater average kinetic energy: carbon monoxide (molar mass = 28 g/mol), nitrogen (molar mass = 28 g/mol), or oxygen (molar mass = 32 g/mol)?
A) carbon monoxide
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) Both a and b are correct.
E) All three have the same average kinetic energy.
12.5 If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled, what is the change in the average kinetic energy of its molecules?
A) no change
B) increases by a factor of 2
C) decreases by a factor of 2
D) increases by a factor of SQRT(2)
E) decreases by a factor of SQRT(2)
12.6 In a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution function of molecular speeds, the rms speed is
A) always greater than the mean speed.
B) always less than the mean speed.
C) equal to the mean speed.
D) equal to the most probable speed.
E) independent of the temperature.
13.1 Aluminum has a specific heat more than twice that of copper. Identical masses of aluminum and copper, both at 0ºC, are dropped together into a can of hot water. When the system has come to equilibrium,
A) the aluminum is at a higher temperature than the copper.
B) the copper is at a higher temperature than the aluminum.
C) the aluminum and copper are at the same temperature.
D) the difference in temperature between the aluminum and the copper depends on the
amount of water in the can.
E) the difference in temperature between the aluminum and the copper depends on the
initial temperature of the water in the can.
13.2 The specific heat of a gas is
A) the same for all gases.
B) directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
C) independent of constraints imposed on it while heating.
D) a negligible quantity.
F) greater at constant pressure than at constant volume.
13.3. When a substance goes directly from a solid state to a gaseous form, the process is known as
A) vaporization
B) evaporization
C) condensation
D) sublimation
E) deposition
14.1 A system absorbs heat Q and has an equal amount of positive work done on it. What is the change in the internal energy of the system?
A) Q
B) 2Q
C) –2Q
D) zero
E) Q/2
14.2 The percentage of mechanical energy that can theoretically be turned into heat energy according to the first law of thermodynamics is
A) 100%
B) 90%
C) 75%
D) 50%
E) 0%
14.3 The first law of thermodynamics is most closely related to
A) the definition of absolute zero.
B) the definition of an ideal gas.
C) the conservation of energy.
D) thermal expansion.
E) the conservation of momentum.
14.4 An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process in which total (positive) work W is done by the gas. What total heat is added to the gas in one cycle?
A) W
B) –W
C) zero
D) 2W
E) W/2
14.5 An ideal gas is heated so that it expands at constant pressure. The gas does work W. What heat is added to the gas?
A) W
B) –W
C) zero
D) more than W
E) less than W
14.6 A system is said to go through an isothermal process if it
A) remains at a constant temperature.
B) does no work on its surroundings.
C) remains in the same state.
D) neither gains nor loses heat.
E) gains or loses heat at a constant rate.
14.7 In a system composed of an ideal gas contained in a cylinder fitted with a piston, a reversible adiabatic expansion causes the temperature of the gas to drop because
A) heat is given up by the system when the piston moves.
B) the pressure of the gas remains constant.
C) work is done on the system as the gas expands.
D) work done by the system is done entirely at the expense of its internal energy.
E) heat is absorbed by the piston when it does work.
14.8 A system is said to go through an adiabatic process if, throughout the process,
A) it maintains a constant ratio of pressure to temperature.
B) it remains at a constant temperature.
C) it loses no heat to its surroundings and gains none from them.
D) its total energy increases.
E) it does no work on its surroundings.
14.9 At a particular point on a PV diagram, the magnitude of the slope of a curve that represents an adiabatic process is
A) zero.
B) infinite.
C) the same as that of an isotherm through the same point.
D) less than that of an isotherm through the same point.
E) greater than that of an isotherm through the same point.
14.10 A heat engine absorbs heat Q from a hot reservoir. The amount of work done by the engine
A) is Q.
B) must be greater than Q.
C) must be less than Q.
D) could be greater than Q.
E) is zero.
14.11 If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the door to the refrigerator open, the temperature of the room
A) increases.
B) remains the same.
C) decreases.
D) Any of these can happen depending on how efficient the refrigerator is.
E) Any of these can happen depending on the relative sizes of the room and the
refrigerator.
14.12 A refrigerator extracts heat Q from a cold reservoir. The heat exhausted to a hot reservoir
A) is Q.
B) must be greater than Q.
C) must be less than Q.
D) could be greater than Q.
E) is zero.
14.13 When you make ice cubes, the entropy of the water
A) decreases.
B) remains unchanged.
C) increases.
D) is unchanged as the water cools but decreases as the water freezes.
E) decreases while the water is cooling but does not change as it turns to ice.
14.14 Which of the following statements is true of an isolated system consisting of 15 gas molecules?
A) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas cannot decrease.
B) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas cannot increase.
C) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas is not likely to decrease.
D) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas is not likely to increase.
E) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas must stay the same.
15.1 When an object is oscillating in simple harmonic motion in the vertical direction, its maximum speed occurs when the object
A) is at its highest point.
B) is at its lowest point.
C) is at the equilibrium point.
D) has the maximum net force exerted on it.
E) has a position equal to its amplitude.
15.2 The instantaneous speed of a mass undergoing simple harmonic motion on the end of a spring depends on
A) the amplitude of oscillation.
B) the frequency of oscillation.
C) the period of oscillation.
D) the time at which the speed is measured.
E) all of these.
15.3 Any body moving with simple harmonic motion is being acted on by a force that is
A) constant.
B) proportional to a sine or cosine function of the displacement.
C) proportional to the inverse square of the displacement.
D) directly proportional to the displacement.
E) proportional to the square of the displacement.
15.4 Which of the following statements is true of a force that is causing simple harmonic motion?
A) Its magnitude is directly proportional to the displacement.
B) Its magnitude is inversely proportional to the displacement.
C) It obeys an inverse square law.
D) It is a constant force caused by gravitation.
E) It is always perpendicular to the direction of motion.
15.5 If the amplitude of a simple harmonic oscillator is doubled, the total energy is
A) unchanged.
B) one-fourth as large.
C) half as large.
D) doubled.
E) quadrupled.
15.6 Which of the following statements is true of a particle that is moving in simple harmonic motion?
A) The momentum of the particle is constant.
B) The kinetic energy of the particle is constant.
C) The potential energy of the earth–particle system is constant.
D) The acceleration of the particle is constant.
E) The force the particle experiences is a negative restoring force.
15.7 A body moving in simple harmonic motion has maximum acceleration when it has
A) maximum velocity.
B) maximum kinetic energy.
C) minimum potential energy.
D) minimum kinetic energy.
E) zero displacement.
15.8 The displacement in simple harmonic motion is a maximum when the
A) acceleration is zero.
B) velocity is a maximum.
C) velocity is zero.
D) kinetic energy is a maximum.
E) potential energy is a minimum.
15.9 In simple harmonic motion, the magnitude of the acceleration of a body is always directly proportional to its
A) displacement.
B) velocity.
C) mass.
D) potential energy.
E) kinetic energy.
15.10 A system consists of a mass vibrating on the end of a spring. The total mechanical energy of this system
A) varies as a sine or cosine function.
B) is constant only when the mass is at maximum displacement.
C) is a maximum when the mass is at its equilibrium position only.
D) is constant, regardless of the displacement of the mass from the equilibrium position.
E) is always equal to the square of the amplitude.
15.11 To double the period of a pendulum, the length
A) must be increased by a factor of 2.
B) must be decreased by a factor of 2.
C) must be increased by a factor of SQRT(2)
D) must be increased by a factor of 4.
E) need not be affected.
15.12 When a body capable of oscillating is acted on by a periodic series of impulses having a frequency equal to one of the natural frequencies of oscillation of the body, the body is set in vibration with relatively large amplitude. This phenomenon is known as
A) beats.
B) harmonics.
C) overtones.
D) resonance.
E) pressure amplitude.
15.13 Which of the following statements is true?
A) Waves transmit energy but not momentum.
B) Waves transmit momentum but not energy.
C) Waves transmit both energy and momentum.
D) Waves transmit neither energy nor momentum.
E) Waves can transmit either energy or momentum but not both.
15.14 During the passage of a longitudinal wave, a particle of the medium
A) remains in a fixed position.
B) moves in a circle.
C) moves at right angles to the direction of propagation.
D) moves forward and backward along the line of propagation.
E) moves forward with the velocity of the wave.
15.15 A longitudinal wave is distinguished from a transverse wave by the fact that in longitudinal waves
A) the particle vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation.
B) the particle vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
C) energy is transported from one point in space to another point.
D) vibrations occur only in air or water.
E) energy is not transported from one point in space to another point.
15.16 A particle is subject to a wave motion. Its distance from the equilibrium position at any particular time is called its
A) amplitude
B) displacement
C) phase
D) wavelength
E) period
15.17 In a sinusoidal traveling wave, the distance between two points that differ in phase by 2p radians is the
A) frequency.
B) period.
C) amplitude.
D) phase constant.
E) wavelength.
15.18 The power transmitted by any harmonic wave varies directly as
A) the period.
B) the square root of the frequency.
C) the amplitude.
D) the amplitude squared.
E) None of these is correct.
15.19 Electromagnetic waves
A) include light, radio waves, X rays, gamma rays, and microwaves.
B) do not require a medium for propagation.
C) travel through a vacuum with a speed of approximately 3 ´ 108 m/s.
D) are produced when free electrons accelerate.
E) are described by all of the above.
15.20 The interference of waves refers to the
A) slowing down of one wave in the presence of another.
B) resultant disturbance of two or more waves at every point in the medium.
C) change in wavelength that occurs when two waves cross one another.
D) phase change of 180º that occurs on reflection of a wave at a fixed end.
E) ability of waves to go around corners.
15.21 If two identical waves with the same phase are added, the result is
A) a wave with the same frequency but twice the amplitude.
B) a wave with the same amplitude but twice the frequency.
C) a wave with zero amplitude.
D) a wave with zero frequency.
E) This problem cannot be solved without knowing the wavelengths of the two waves.
15.21 If two identical waves with a phase difference of 6p are added, the result is
A) a wave with the same frequency but twice the amplitude.
B) a wave with the same amplitude but twice the frequency.
C) a wave with zero amplitude.
D) a wave with zero frequency.
E) This problem cannot be solved without knowing the wavelengths of the two waves.
15.22 If two identical waves with a phase difference of 3p are added, the result is
A) a wave with the same frequency but twice the amplitude.
B) a wave with the same amplitude but twice the frequency.
C) a wave with zero amplitude.
D) a wave with an intensity equal to the sum of the intensities of the two waves.
E) This problem cannot be solved without knowing the wavelengths of the two waves.
16.1 Sound travels at 340 m/s in air and 1500 m/s in water. A sound of 256 Hz is made under water. In the air,
A) the frequency remains the same but the wavelength is shorter.
B) the frequency is higher but the wavelength stays the same.
C) the frequency is lower but the wavelength is longer.
D) the frequency is lower and the wavelength is shorter.
E) both the frequency and the wavelength remain the same.
16.2 When the frequency of a source is doubled, the sound produced
A) travels at half its former speed.
B) travels at twice its former speed.
C) has half its former wavelength.
D) has twice its former wavelength.
E) is greatly improved in quality
16.3 The sound level of a dog's bark is 50 dB. The intensity of a rock concert is 10,000 times that of the dog's bark. What is the sound level of the rock concert?
A) 10,050 dB
B) 500,000 dB
C) 90 dB
D) 2000 dB
E) 54 dB
16.4 Two sounds differ by 30 dB. The intensity of the louder sound IL, compared with the softer IS, is IL/IS. The value of the ratio is
A) 1000
B) 30
C) 9
D) 100
E) 300
16.5 Two sounds differ by 20 dB. This means that the louder sound is _____ times as intense and _____ times as loud.
A) twenty; twenty
B) one hundred; twenty
C) twenty; four
D) one hundred; four
E) two; two
16.6 Two tones of equal amplitude but slightly different frequencies are emitted by a sound source. This gives rise to
A) standing waves.
B) destructive interference.
C) constructive interference.
D) beats.
E) amplification.